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Titre du projet

Dernière version:: 02/03/2010
Priorité:: Medio Ambiente: Biodiversidad
Mots clés:: Port Activities, Ballast waters, Port Wastewaters, Beach Water Quality
Résumé:: While expansion of port facilities can make a significant contribution to economic development and the growth of maritime transport, it may also create adverse impacts on the surrounding environment. Port development and operation should, therefore, be planned with careful consideration of their environmental impacts. Checklists of adverse effects of port activities for EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) have been compiled by several organizations including the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the International Association of Ports and Harbors. Ships generate: (a) oily wastes such as bilge water, ballast water, washing water, lubricant oil and other residues in machinery space; (b) sewage and garbage; and (c) cargo residues such as wood bark. Discharges and spills of these wastes cause problems of oil pollution, floating garbage, unsanitary conditions, odour and other degradation of water quality. Oil and oily wastes discharged from ships may reach nearby beaches and spoil recreational activities which cause serious damage to tourism. Toxic or harmful substances may be included in runoff from sulfur, bauxite, phosphates, nitrogenous manure, coal, metal ores and other raw materials. Organic materials in runoff are decomposed to the inorganic form, spending dissolved oxygen and increasing the nutrient level in water. Accidental spills of toxic, harmful materials, oils or oily compounds, and other raw materials are also possible sources of contamination of water. The objectives of the project can be divided in the following topics: • Environmental impact assessment of port activities on water quality of the zones surrounding the port, including the nearby beaches; • Environmental impact assessment of Ballast waters on marine ecology; • Implementation of new technologies for port wastewaters treatment; Water quality includes five elements: (a) general features such as temperature, salinity, pH, colour, transparency, oil and grease, and organic material concentration measured by total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD) or biochemical oxygen demand (BOD); (b) turbidity measured by suspended solids; (c) eutrophication-related factors measured by dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P); (d) harmful or toxic substances including heavy metals such as mercury, cadmium, lead, and pesticides; and (e) sanitation-related factors determined by measuring the amount of coliform bacteria. Bottom contamination encompasses many kinds of contamination of bottom sediments by toxic or harmful substances, oils, oily mixtures and other hazardous materials. Contamination of bottom sediments are often measured by the size of sediment particles, pH, colour, smell, oil and grease, organic materials, and concentration of organic nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphide, and toxic substances such as heavy metals and pesticides including toxic components of antifouling paints. Marine and coastal ecology includes aquatic fauna and flora composed of a large number of species of bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthonic organisms, coral, seaweed, shellfish, fish and other aquatic biota, terrestrial flora such as mangroves and wetlands. Loss of bottom habitat and fishery resources are also significant problems included in this category. Wastewaters treatment includes a combination of different technologies, such as, filtration, flotation, adsorption, advanced oxidation processes and biological oxidation processes.
Coût:: 0,00 €
FEDER sollicité (en €):: 3.000.000,00 €
Bénéficiaires déjà impliqués:: No
Origine géographique:: España,Francia,Portugal,Reino Unido